The July 2012 issue of Asymptote, the literary journal, carries my translations of Provencal poet Roselyn Sibille's work, all from her forthcoming collection Shadow-World. As usual, the editorial team of Asymptote have done an impressive job of presenting the work: along with the translations, readers can access the original poems in French, and also listen to Roselyne reading these poems in her soft, thoughtful voice. It is quite a privilege to be included in an issue that contains really extraordinary poetry from the world over, from Korean to Farsi to Armenian and Danish!
As I mention in the translator's note accompanying our work in Asymptote, in Shadow-World, we enter a place of transience and metamorphosis where earth and water are made up of strokes and colours that are outlined, erased and then given new life in other forms.
It is a world where the shadow is three-dimensional, elemental and — most importantly — a bearer of tales; tales that we could build to our hearts' desire from the shards of images that these poems reflect.
These poems, to me, seem as fragile and oneiric as age-old calligraphy, the quest for the perfect curve: they reclaim words to reflect the tumbling and vaulting of the soul.
Roselyne Sibille's world blithely demands both precision and creativity from a translator. Transposing her metaphors and visuals, though — or perhaps, rightly, since — shadowy, from one imaginary world to another is an adventure that is often very challenging, but also deeply satisfying when both she and I feel that we have found or built portholes between these worlds.
Today is a very special anniversary. And there are people out there who made it possible. People who made such a difference, and so casually, almost unthinkingly - though what they did, and achieved, was the very opposite of thoughtlessness. Some kinds of generosity are formidable in their absoluteness. I wrote this poem for another set of people, just as precious, but it holds good for the ones I am thinking of today - for very different reasons. All that might be just a bit too elliptical but I don't think I have the words for clarity right now.
Catalysts*
It takes little to change
a life.
In the whisper of a breath,
in the echo of a smile;
tectonic plates, ocean currents,
cosmic forces that could
drive our destinies,
swing, bow and let through,
newness, transformation.
A spring of fresh clear water,
or a lee of verdant growth.
Maybe even a landmass, a continent.
Or disappearance: of arid wastelands,
swamps of dismay, even over-run
thickets of uncertainty?
They call it a catalyst.
A nimble spirit they seek everywhere,
in alchemy not the least.
And how would you greet that unsettling
tremor, the slight trigger etching out
glistening - unknown, unknowable, scary
but so desired - fresh
lines on the palms
of fate's domineering hand ?
Would it vanish in fear
if I turned around, and hailed
it with two puny words;
tried to convey all the beauty,
the glory, the pain of new-
found quests, of goals
emboldened, paths chosen
(not sprung, nor borne) with just
thank you?
Should I watch it cross these
thresholds with muted tread
from the curves of eyes,
and assume sightlessness
so it continues the spell?
Or polish the floor with rose-petals,
leave bowls of silent,
fragrant saffron – reward
and tempt at once in the hope
of regular returns?
Often though, I only learn
of a visit from damp footprints
outside my door, and a stir
in the air, spring unplanned
and unplugged.
Karthika Naïr, 01/01/2008
* Catalysts was first published in Bearings (HarperCollins India, 2009)
It happened five years ago. We were given the task of founding a department of programming/performing arts at the Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration (CNHI) in Paris, France's latest national museum, one devoted to the history of immigration in France. There was a good amount of debate - from the scientific committee, from the historians who had devised the project, from the civil society bodies whose untiring campaign had led to the birth of the museum, from funding institutions (the Ministries of Culture, Education and Social Cohesion, notably) - on the exact role of art, especially performing art (felt to be something of a loose cannon), in such a museum.
Museum International, a journal run by UNESCO, invited each of the different departments of the CNHI to write about their activities and goals in a special issue dedicated to emerging museums. Patrice Martinet, artistic director, asked me to write on behalf of our department, and this is the introduction I handed in. The piece went on to record the thoughts of two of the artists we had invited to make new work, choreographer Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui and playwright/theatre director Mohamed Rouabhi.
There is a lot of talk right now about what art should or should not do; about what its ambit is and what its code of conduct should be, as though it were a young, fractious student. I wanted to remind myself of what we had wanted to nurture in that fledgling museum, what we had spent our days and nights defending during two years.
"The Cité nationale de l’histoire
de l’immigration does not exist.
What does exist, actually, is scores of Cité nationale de l’histoire de
l’immigration.
Like the elephant in the Panchatantra, which was identified by
four blind men as rope, pillar, fan and snake respectively, this project impels
myriad visions. There are at least as many as the people involved in its
creation, directly or indirectly, and – after its opening in April 2007 – more
likely to come from the general public, the media, the powers-that-be … the
list will be endless; as will the definitions, the expectations and probably
the criticism. Perhaps the greatest challenge faced by this institution is to
subsume these multiple particles, all the while allowing them to thrive, and
emerge as a cogent structure whose bedrock is its very plurality.
In the pages that follow, one
gets glimpses, to take an analogy from another field, of what the light
reflected from one face of this highly refractive chunk of hard, crystallized
carbon could give – when cut and polished. Because that is the process it has
to undergo: a diamond left to itself is just a shapeless abrasive lump.
Remember, this is just one
facet of a whole. One vision. Of what the credo of an arts & programming
wing should be in a cultural complex that is all at once a national museum, a
research & academic hub, a vanguard for civil sector and citizen advocacy
organisations, a publishing unit – all firmly focused on the issue of
immigration.
But it appears that before
defining content or aim, we need to rationalise the very existence of an
artistic wing within a museum specialising in the history of immigration. For
although museological policies over the last two decades have evolved to
encompass artistic activity in a great number of historical and civilizational
museums, and although the Cité nationale de l’histoire de l’immigration – whose
name itself denotes its composite nature – has more than one activity, the
presence of art in the realm of immigration is still less than self-evident.
To circumscribe the role or
import of art within an issue-based paradigm seemed rather parochial to us.
Hence, we extend the question to defending its existence per se, as also its “functionality”.
Art exists in its own right,
on its own terms. Without the necessity to justify itself, or the additional
onus of purpose. Yet, throughout time, we find that it has questioned mankind,
consistently jolted it into making new discoveries, unsettled societal
preconceptions, ripped apart status quo and given us other ways to view the
world. It unearths fragments of the past; hurls shards of an often painful
present straight into our faces; and sometimes it offers terrifying or
tantalising oracles of the future. It is, perhaps, above all, a reminder that
nothing is sacrosanct: certainly not the sacred monster, art, itself.
That is why
what we are attempting to build here is, first and foremost, an arena of free
artistic expression. Where artistes can deliver their thoughts – unfettered, “unguided”;
through the creative language of their choice; in the manner that seems most
befitting to them – cerebral, visceral or soulful – on the countless concerns
surrounding immigration; ones that are just as inextricably bound to this issue
as ligaments to a bone: boundaries, belonging, uprootedness, integration,
exclusion, alterity, home, identity….
An arena that will not claim
to enforce one worldview. Nor presume to provide solutions. But which will try
to raise questions. Innumerable questions, queries, critiques from all fronts,
on all things – including the same artistic expressions that set the stage for
these questions.
An arena where dissent and
debate will be recognized as contributors in their own right to constructive
co-existence.
A place we will visit not to
learn about the Other and his strangeness, but to recognize how “other” we
ourselves are, how we are all composed of Others.
It will be a nimble tightrope
act in a world that is becoming increasingly intolerant of contention. To tread
the fine line between criticism and censure, between dissent and divisiveness.
To provide a platform for opinion that is not necessarily our own, and to voice
both our disagreement with the given view and defend the right to state both.
But the idea here, at this
moment, is not to perorate about what we wish or intend. If we are committed to
our aim, then the first act is to step aside, and hand over this space to those
whose creative ethos will contour our activity. The stage is theirs, even while
it is a work in progress. If they continue to step under our spotlights, and
fuel the crucible with their questions and their aspirations, the lights will
keep burning in this theatre."
- Karthika Naïr
excerpts from A Crucible for Questions, first published in Museum International, N° 59 (May 2007).
There will be time, there will be time. For words and more words again. For the moment, though, a link is worth a thousand words:
Yes, Desh won the 2012 Laurence Olivier Award for the Best New Dance Production. Congratulations, Akram: for choreography, courage and commitment! Congratulations, team Desh! And a huge thank you to Bangladesh for being the alpha and omega of this transformative, memorable journey.
That's Akram Khan before the awards ceremony:
And a third link to the recording of a post-show session at the Concertgebouw in Brügge where Guy Cools - with his usual gentle insight - asked us some very interesting questions about how it all came together:
It is a myth. Of course, it is. Everything
dies. Why we are dying as we speak. Or write. Or read. So, it shouldn’t be a
surprise, should it? To learn that icons that one has grown up hearing,
reading, watching, have died (the French euphemism disappeared seems so apt, less brutal but more final) should not be
such a shock.
But it is, and when it is news one gathers, in
the midst of the mad hurly-burly of daily existence, it seems a bigger one.
Here we are, racing like motorcycle riders in the Ring of Death sequence that
was de rigueur in most Indian circuses in the 80s, and there comes the reminder
that there is deep chasm under the ring, and that we are falling through all
the time.
I learnt of the death of composer Ravi Shankar Sharma – popularly known as Ravi, and in Kerala, as Bombay Ravi – while in a
hotel somewhere not too far from the Arctic Circle, perched beside a window,
laptop inclined at a crazy angle in an attempt to log on to a Wifi network
playing hide-and-seek. I read it not in a newspaper obit (those came much
later) but on a friend’s Facebook post – a friend who also had heard the news
“in another bench, in another airport, in another town”. Ravi died on March 7,
2012 at the age of 86, after a career spanning fifty years: the first three
decades in the Hindi film industry where he composed some truly remarkable
soundtracks – Dilli ka Thug, Chaudhvin kaChand, China Town, Gharana, Waqt, Nikaah are just a few from a long list –
but remained underrated, undeservedly slightly obscured, in the shadow of other
greats of the golden era, Khayyam, Shankar-Jaikishen, O.P. Nayyar, S.D. Burman…
oh, there was truly a pantheon of music-makers then; and, as the eighties
proved somewhat of a long winter for melody in Bombay with the rise of the action
era, he moved to Malayalam cinema where each of the dozen or so films he
composed music for was crowned with critical and public acclaim: Panchagni, Vaishali, Oru VadakkanVeeragatha, Nakhakshyathgal, Sargam, to mention the earliest ones.
Most of us did not even realise that that the
man who had composed the exuberant Aemeri Zohra Jabeen was the one who had written the complex and beauteous score
of Sargam, rooted in Carnatic music.
When I did, it was not so much because of my interest in composers as in
lyricists, and one lyricist/poet in particular: Sahir Ludhianvi. Sahir
Ludhianvi, the socialist, the atheist, the cynic, the eternal bachelor, the uncompromising, the “arrogant” — the last being an epithet he won for insisting that lyricists be
credited by All India Radio alongside singers and composers, and, not
insignificantly, that he be paid a rupee more than Lata Mangeshkar. Sahir
Ludhianvi, whose pen could sear conscience and celluloid with a Yeh duniya agar mil bhi jaye to kya hai(Pyaasa, 1957) and, in the same film,
deliver the rollicking Sar jo terachakraye along with a Jaane kya tunekahinradiating sensuousness. Sahir Ludhianvi, whose words and images
grabbed my pre-adolescent imagination with both hands and never really let go.
Sahir Ludhianvi, whose 91st birth anniversary fell on March 8, 2012
— a day after Ravi’s demise.
I grew up on one’s words (and continue to do
so, I think) and the other’s music. While Sahir’s influence on my writing and
my imaginaire (a near-untranslatable
word the French have for something like a creative ethos) is incalculable, I
would never have first heard his words if it hadn’t been for composers like
Ravi and his contemporaries: this was the music that my parents and uncles and
aunts and elder cousins listened to, this was the music that seeped into my
bloodstream.
This post is dedicated to the lyricist and the
composer, and to their collaboration, often alchemical. It is a random
selection of their songs, chosen for either the lyrics or the music or – often
– both. I have included a couple of translations, but they are rough, hurried ones, and do not do any justice to the
penmanship of Sahir. And because I have focussed primarily on the songs as
poems set to music, I have not been attentive enough to filmed song
sequences themselves, often lyrical in their own right.
If heaven exists, it is a lucky place to host
both of them. As for us, we are left with their work, which is how we knew them
in the first place. And, as choreographer Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui says, at the end of centuries, at the end
of civilisation, art – not tyranny, not oppression, not the various daily
cruelties we inflict on each other – is what best survives the march of time. Is umeed pe duniya qayam hai.
1. Waqt
(1965): In a soundtrack bursting at the seams with melodious songs, Aage bhi jaane na tu stands out. Today,
more than ever, perhaps because Time is very much on my mind:
Anjaane saayon ka,
raahon mein deera hai
Andekhi baahon ne hum
sab ko ghera hai
Ye pal ujala hai, baki
andhera hai
Ye pal gavana na, ye
pal hii tera hai
Unknown shadows corral the paths.
Unseen arms cordon us all.
This moment is radiant; the rest is darkness.
Don’t squander this moment: this alone is yours.
Oh, and the orchestration – even to a
philistine like me – stands out. I love the way it begins, the soft tinkling
behind the dialogues opening a path to Asha Bhonsle’s voice, the instruments
woven dexterously to place the spotlight to her tessitura. As Dusted Off says
in her wonderful tribute to/obit on Ravi, “the quintessential crooner song.”
2. Gumraah
(1963): This one, more for the startling beauty of the lyrics, that
inarticulate thought which must occur to so many of us at the end of a relationship
given full, forceful, eloquent expression by Sahir, with the music allowing the
lyrics to rise to the fore. One of Ravi’s strengths that, it occurred to me
often: he could allow the words to breathe, and that he didn’t at all grudge
them their power, their pre-eminence when required. A feat he was to repeat
time and again in Malayalam cinema.
And another song from the same film, to
contrast moods words and composition: here, there is the conviction of requited
desire, illicit as it may be, the words are few and the refrain is underscored
by music in majestic command. The melody magnifies both nature in all its
splendour and the ache of love, the restrained fervour to meet the beloved.
3. Dhund
(1973): I know, there is no respect for chronology on this post! Here is one of Sahir's portentous, philosophical pieces. I saw this film as a
child, and I remember little more than a general air of impending doom, a very scary
Danny Denzongpa (who could deliver quiet menace like few others — he had no
need for wigs and prosthetics to convey evil) and a constantly sari-clad
(unusual an occurrence), petrified but beautiful Zeenat Aman. And a title song that
snagged in some corner of the mind:
4. Ek
Mahal Ho Sapnon Ka (1975): This, I believe, was Sahir’s and Ravi’s last
collaboration together. Again, a film, I saw as a child, but one I had found a little
too relentlessly weepy. Sacrifice, unless by Sydney Carton in A Tale of Two Cities (the book, not the
film) has never appealed much to me. But there were some pleasant songs, and
this one remained with me. The cynicism is vintage Sahir. And it is nice to see Sharmila Tagore without
too much of a bouffant.
Neelam ho raha tha
kisi naaznin ka pyar
Keemat nahin chookayi
gayee, ek gareeb se
Dekha hai zindagi ko
kuch itna kareeb se
Chehre tamaam lagne
lage hain ajeeb se
Up there for bidding was a coquette’s love,
The price too steep for a pauper to pay.
So intimately have I seen life,
Each face now tends to look strange.
Another song (with three versions, and in three
voices and moods!) that used to be quite popular from Ek Mahal … is Dil mein kisike
pyar ka.
Chockfull of 1970s fashion statements, more
bouffant but also a couplet
like
Woh nakshe kya hua jo
mitaye se mit gaya
Who dard kya hua jo
davayi se dab gaya
and a brooding, handsome Dharmendra to counter the sartorial effects.
5. Aaj
aur Kal (1963): their first collaboration, I think, is this film by
Devandra Goel. It is a veritable bouquet of lovely numbers. If I had to pick a
favourite, I'd be torn between a lovely but despondent Nanda’s serenade to
death – which taught me so much: Sahir, unknown to them, was a big help to my
English teachers; the rhetoric devices that we learnt of in school came to brilliant
life in his verses
– and this paean to the landscape and to life:
Death’s embrace would pale in attractiveness
before that. And before a young Sunil Dutt.
6. Humraaz (1967): When I look at their
work, I think, hmmm, they did have a huge crush on
nature, didn't they? Especially when I listen to some of the songs of Humraaz
where the real object of devotion would appear to be not the stone-faced
heroine but the blueness of the skies, the vastness of the mountains.... the
composition, just as the lyrics, conjures up the grandeur, the lushness of the
world around:
7. Aadmi aur Insaan (1969): And switching
over to a much zingier melody and sentiments ... The more popular number from
Aadmi aur Insaan is the superbly vivacious Zindagi ittafaq hai but I love the way this
particular melody sways and shimmies, just like Mumtaz on whom it is picturised.
And the opening is just irresistible: Itni
jaldi na karo, raat ka dil tootega. What a charming ruse to hold on to someone: don't leave in such haste, or night's heart will break!Night breaking her heart seemed the
ultimate in pathetic fallacy. What
did I say about a user’s manual of literary devices, language no bar!
8. Kaajal (1965): Over to full
intoxication in Kaajal. Chhoo lene do nazuk honton ko is the
immediately identifiable song but Meena Kumari at her lachrymose best
exasperated the life out of me even at the age of twelve (though the pater
gazed at her in something close to adoration, and my mother still cites her as
the finest tragedienne ever), so I ended up with a faiblesse for this one, the
undertones are rather moving and, as ever with Sahir, self-aware, deprecating
of the world’s moral code:
Duniya ki nigahon main bhala kya hain bura kya
Ye bojh agar dil se utar jaye to achha
9. Do Kaliyan (1968): Another film full of
pleasant songs. Tumhari nazar kyon khafa
ho gayi (in two versions: happy and sad), Sajna o sajna, the ever-popular Bachheman ke sache (which, again, I suspected was an idealised vision of childhood:
neither I nor the children around me were anywhere close to altruistic!) and Murga murgi, surprisingly mature for a
children’s song. But, it is Sahir, so
there had to be some socialism and secularism woven in everywhere, even in the
Comic Side Plot-song. So, in the midst of all the high-decibel theatrics of Do Kaliyan, there is a latter-day cousin
of Sar jot era takraye, though
nowhere as blithe.
The dance producer in me cannot help but be diverted by the flash of interesting – and rather contemporary – choreography at 02.50:
10. Aankhen (1968): And still faithful to
my completely jumbled chronology, I end with a song from the fun-tastic, gadget-astic
Aankhen, which thrilled a 11-year-old me to bits when I saw it in an Indian
Army cinema hall (they did a great job of recycling old films!): radio
transmitters in shoes! Cameras in glasses! Chinese and Egyptians who speak
Hindi! Jeevan and Lalita Pawar as Enemies of the State! Complete face grafts
about thirty years before Face/Off!
And More General Amazement in every frame!
It is
difficult to choose though, between the poignancy and tender reproach of Gairon pe karam, apnon pe situm, where
music and lyrics are in terrific alliance
Gairon ke thhirakhte shaane par
Ye haath gawara kaise karen
Har baat gawara hai lekin
Ye baat gawara kaise karen
Ye baat gawara kaise karen
Tujhko teri bedardi ki kasam
Ae jane-wafa, ye zulm na kar
Hum bhi tere manzoor-e-nazar
Ji chaahe tu ab ikraar na kar
Sau tir chala seene main magar
Begaanon se milkar vaar na kar
Begaanon se milkar vaar na kar
Bemauth kahin marjaaye na hum
Ae jane-wafa, ye zulm na kar
and the
madcap abandon of Milti hai zindagi main
mohabbat kabhi kabhi, where
words and music act in counterpoint to create a mood that is teasing, buoyant
and yet a little wistful. And unusually for that era, we see a heroine
persistently pursuing the object of her affection (across continents too, it
would transpire):
Milti hai zindagi main mohabbat kabhi kabhi
Hoti hai dilbaron ki inayat kabhi kabhi
Sharma ke muh na mod nazar ke sawal par
Laati hai aise mod pe kismat kabhi kabhi
The
sequence is so gobsmackingly over-the-top that I cannot resist it. Mala Sinha's attires make
me wish there was some special punishment for bad wardrobe design but thankfullyshe remains perky despite those
pedal pushers (which could have easily cut off the blood supply to her toes).
Besides, there is a dishy Dharmendra again (over-sized trenchcoat and mandatory
fedora notwithstanding) to appreciate, though he rocks eveningwear to much
greater satisfaction in the above-mentioned Aadmi
aur Insaan.
PS: My
apologies for the change in text between this morning and now. A technical
glitch caused the entire post to vanish, and it had to be rewritten in large
part.
